By providing insights into the gill transcriptomic responses to toxin-producing P. parvum blooms may contribute to the serious gill disorders in fish. While we could not determine if the inferred gill inflammation was progressing or resolving, our study clearly suggests that P. parvum-induced inflammatory response and gill inflammation driven by alterations of Acute Phase Response Signalling, IL-6 Signalling, IL-10 Signalling, Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response, IL-8 Signalling and IL-17 Signalling pathways. The inspection of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), canonical pathways, upstream regulators and downstream effects pointed towards P. parvum that were independent of dose and phenotype. parvum (4–5 h) was sufficient to identify three different phenotypic responses among the exposed fish, enabling us to focus on the common gill transcriptomic responses to P. We used juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) to investigate the transcriptomic responses of the gill tissue to two (high and low) sublethal densities of the toxin-producing alga Prymnesium parvum, in relation to non-exposed control fish. However, the molecular basis of the HAB-induced gill injury remains largely unknown due to the lack of high-throughput transcriptomic studies performed on teleost fish in laboratory conditions. Climate change associated phenomena, such as increasing frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (HABs) put extra strain on gill function, contributing to enhanced fish mortality and fish kills. The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes, including protection of the mucosal gill surface against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). 6Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.5Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.4National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.3Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States. ![]() ![]() 2Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.1School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.Ferrier 2† Per Juel Hansen 6† Niels Lorenzen 4† Samuel A. Morag Clinton 1,2,3†‡ Elżbieta Król 1†‡ Dagoberto Sepúlveda 4† Nikolaj R.
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